How do you achieve true visual hierarchy in dark mode without relying on stark white?

I'm designing a new app interface and want to ensure excellent accessibility, especially for users with visual impairments. My dark mode feels flat, and I'm struggling to create strong visual hierarchy and call-to-action prominence without resorting to bright, high-contrast elements that feel jarring. What are your go-to strategies or subtle tricks for making dark mode dynamic and user-friendly, without sacrificing readability or aesthetics?